Grapes can be separated into roughly three categories: single species, multi-species, and hybrid grapes. Within each category are subcategories, for example, wine and table grapes would be two subcategories as would red and white grapes. The focus of this article will be on red and white wine grape varieties and what is involved in choosing the type of wine grape.
Within the single species Vitis vinifera exist hundreds of types of red and white wine grapes; grape varietals such as Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Gris, Syrah, and Chardonnay. Narrowing grapes even further requires analysis of the different geographical regions that produce the same varietal, such as Cabernet Sauvignon grown in France and Cabernet grown in California. Because no two locations are identical in topography, soil content, and weather, the same red or white grape varietal can produce characteristically different wines.
When contemplating which grape species and variety to grow for wine production, the most important aspect to consider is where you will be growing the grapes. The location is undoubtedly the most determining factor in the type of grape you choose. Some locations can easily rule out grape varieties because they simply will not grow in the region. For example, vineyards in Oregon grow mainly Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, and Pinot Blanc which grow well in the state’s temperate rainforest-like climate. Contrastingly, locations in California such as Napa and Sonoma are better suited for grape varietals such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Merlot, and Zinfandel. On a positive note, even if you are limited as to the grape you can grow, it does not prevent you from owning your own wine cooler stocked full of delicious varietals waiting to be tasted.
When dealing with location, the main elements to consider are amount of sunlight, nearby terrain, soil content and quality, amount of precipitation, and existing vegetation and wild animals. All these elements can play a part in a successful winery and vineyard. Cost of land is another factor that can influence wine grape choice. If you choose to purchase land that is less expensive, it may be in an area that limits the kind of grape you can produce.
Before deciding on a location, it would be beneficial to research the local industry and details of the environment. What are other vineyards in the area growing and, more importantly, growing well. Ensure zoning laws are in place, equipment can be purchased and installed, and that such equipment can be serviced readily. Wine refrigerators, fermentation vats, and even labor to assist in the intricacies of operating a winery are all things to consider. Another consideration and likely an important one is what type of wine you personally favor. If you are in an area that has the ability to produce more than one type of varietal, the decision may ultimately come down to what wine you prefer. After all, owning a winery should be an enjoyable and passionate experience; why not produce a wine you will also enjoy consuming.