Winemaking and grape growing is traditionally done by viticulturists. The field of viticulture is a branch of horticulture that specifically deals with growing grapes and wine production. Many considerations go into growing grapes. Because of the complexity of the field, Viticulture is both a science and an art. Becoming a viticulturist requires the normal amount of schooling as a horticulturist but with a more focused course specialty. Opportunities for work after gaining a degree are available in most states or internationally. A skilled viticulturist can mean the difference between a great wine production year and loss of money and recognition for a particular winery.

It is a necessity for viticulturist to be extremely knowledgeable when it comes to grape growing and wine production. Some factors to take into consideration are climate, irrigation, pruning, trellising, gathering, fertilizing, canopy management, and nutritional requirements. Neglecting one or more of these areas can result in lost yields or grapes of poor quality. In addition, viticulturists and wine makers need to be concerned with grape variety, selection, disease and pest control, rootstock management, quality control, marketing. The career choice is both daunting and greatly rewarding.

The history of viticulture dates back centuries with earliest estimates around the Neolithic era. Through the centuries, humans have learned to work with the land and climate to optimize grape growth and production. Early monks discovered the art of using one plot of land year after year to develop consistent vintages. Winemakers have categorized the hazards to grape growing such as susceptibility to extreme temperature changes. Wind and humidity are also destructive factors to consider.

Another direction academically is Oenology or the study of winemaking without learning about grape growing and cultivation. This field focuses more on fermentation and the chemical reactions necessary to control and produce for winemaking. Regardless of the route taken, the areas of grape growing and winemaking are engaging and rewarding.